Cataracts – Symptoms & Causes

Cataracts are a common eye condition characterized by the clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to a gradual decline in vision. This condition typically develops slowly over time and is more prevalent in older adults, although it can occur at any age.

Symptoms of cataracts include:

• Blurred or cloudy vision, making it difficult to see clearly.
• Sensitivity to light and glare, particularly when driving at night.
• Difficulty seeing in low light or needing brighter light for reading.
• Fading or yellowing of colors, making everything appear less vibrant.
• Double vision in one eye.
• Frequent changes in prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses.

Causes of cataracts can vary but often include:

• Aging: The most common cause, as the lens becomes less flexible, thicker, and less transparent over time.
• Diabetes: Increases the risk of cataract development due to high blood sugar levels.
• Eye injuries: Trauma to the eye can lead to cataract formation.
• Prolonged use of corticosteroids: Long-term use of these medications can contribute to cataract development.
• Radiation exposure: Exposure to radiation, such as from X-rays or cancer treatments, can increase the risk.
• Family history: Genetics can play a role, with a higher likelihood if cataracts run in the family.
• Excessive sun exposure: UV radiation from the sun can lead to cataract formation, especially without protective eyewear.
• Smoking and alcohol use: Both habits are linked to an increased risk of cataracts.

Understanding the symptoms and causes of cataracts is crucial for early detection and treatment. Regular eye exams are essential, especially for those at higher risk, to ensure timely intervention and maintain optimal eye health.