Why is there so much pain after knee replacement?

Pain after knee replacement surgery is a common and expected part of the recovery process, caused by several factors. The surgery involves removing damaged cartilage and bone, followed by the implantation of a prosthetic joint. This procedure requires cutting through skin, muscles, tendons, and bone, which creates immediate surgical trauma. This trauma triggers an inflammatory response, which can lead to swelling, redness, and discomfort around the surgical site. 

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The inflammation can cause pressure on the surrounding tissues, making the pain more noticeable. The healing incision itself also contributes to pain as the skin, muscles, and tissues that were disrupted during surgery recover. Additionally, the muscles around the knee, which may have been weakened or stiffened due to inactivity or the surgical process, can cause significant discomfort as they regain strength and flexibility through physical therapy. 

While the pain is usually temporary, it can be significant in the first weeks to months of recovery. Effective management through pain medication, physical therapy, ice, compression, and elevation, as well as careful follow-up with the surgeon, are essential to support the healing process and reduce pain while improving function.

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